Introduction

PostgreSQL is a powerful, stable, and reliable open-source relational database, featuring high concurrency processing capabilities and a comprehensive transaction mechanism, widely used in various data-intensive systems.

In actual production and development processes, single-node deployment is often used for development testing environments or small-to-medium business scenarios due to its simple architecture, fast deployment, and low operational costs.

This article is based on the Ubuntu system and details the installation and basic configuration process of a PostgreSQL single node, helping readers quickly complete the database environment setup, providing a foundation for subsequent business access or high-availability architecture expansion.

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Preparation

Create Directory

Create the project directory and enter it

<b>mkdir -p /data/workspace/install-postgres && cd /data/workspace/install-postgres</b>

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Start Deployment

Prepare Files

Below is the required docker-compose.yaml file

1. Need to enable postgresql.log
2. Need to enable postgres_backup weekly rotation

<b># version: "3.8"</b>
<b>services:</b>
<b>  postgres:</b>
<b>    image: postgres:18      </b>
<b>    container_name: pg-enterprise</b>
<b>    restart: unless-stopped</b>
<b>    environment:</b>
<b>      POSTGRES_USER: postgres</b>
<b>      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres@!QAZxsw2</b>
<b>      POSTGRES_DB: postgres</b>
<b>    ports:</b>
<b>      - "5432:5432"</b>
<b>    volumes:</b>
<b>      # 关键修正：只挂到 /var/lib/postgresql，让镜像自己建 18/main 子目录</b>
<b>      - pg_data:/var/lib/postgresql</b>
<b>    # 其余企业参数、健康检查、command 等保持不动</b>
<b>    command: ></b>
<b>      postgres</b>
<b>      -c max_connections=200</b>
<b>      -c shared_buffers=256MB</b>
<b>      -c effective_cache_size=1GB</b>
<b>      -c statement_timeout=30s</b>
<b>      -c log_min_duration_statement=1000</b>
<b>      -c password_encryption=scram-sha-256</b>
<b>    healthcheck:</b>
<b>      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]</b>
<b>      interval: 10s</b>
<b>      timeout: 5s</b>
<b>      retries: 5</b>
<b>      start_period: 30s</b>

<b>volumes:</b>
<b>  pg_data:</b>

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Edit Files

Switch to the project directory and vim to write docker-compose.yaml

<b>cd /data/workspace/install-postgres && vim docker-compose.yaml</b>

Insert the docker-compose.yaml file above into the currently edited file

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Start Service

Execute the start command

<b>cd /data/workspace/install-postgres && docker-compose up -d</b>

View Logs

<b>docker ps</b>
<b>docker logs -f <containerd id></b>

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Verify Deployment

Test connection: Use the built-in pg_isready to check the port, use psql to execute simple SQL and print version/time

<b>docker exec -it pg-enterprise psql -U postgres -c "select version(); select current_timestamp; select 'Hello from PG' as msg;"</b>

Expected output:

<b>                                                      version                                                       </b>
<b>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</b>
<b> PostgreSQL 18.1 (Debian 18.1-1.pgdg13+2) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit</b>
<b>(1 row)</b>

<b>       current_timestamp       </b>
<b>-------------------------------</b>
<b> 2025-11-21 07:24:12.303782+00</b>
<b>(1 row)</b>

<b>      msg      </b>
<b>---------------</b>
<b> Hello from PG</b>
<b>(1 row)</b>